{"items":[{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-09-30 12:16:09.523Z","domain":"mastodon.social","followerCount":11753,"followers":"https://mastodon.social/users/publicdomainrev/followers","following":"https://mastodon.social/users/publicdomainrev/following","followingCount":20,"icon":"https://files.mastodon.social/accounts/avatars/109/364/259/768/232/698/original/105bed97c5bd55c0.png","id":"3vwi644b12c382h","inbox":"https://mastodon.social/users/publicdomainrev/inbox","iri":"https://mastodon.social/users/publicdomainrev","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:31.895Z","outbox":"https://mastodon.social/users/publicdomainrev/outbox","preferred_username":"publicdomainrev","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAzlhOirp4JTjNJiY8FnAo\nK5rO0gcOYpe7i/7eaxvKKJ//l8ot6dMbh/Zt9i6vsZxANKXereZwiV6Ay53aPx9h\nqBol1faLssOUBg5XtUh7V2oLsGd0kktCH5fTBaAsqE07wUvgEUvmgkEMEqWR2cie\ngy7pOP7Rdky13zWUlmWCyduktR9ENMPb2e59Rt6YjfdnBXvZQ9b8KkH4S5jNddTz\nupMRpS/J3jjKNC+mBoCkUsKVqMbYBw6kjtOYbADniuZym2v+el8iyelscjjLaAAS\nGN/31PyU/09AUr+o0Sv0Q0eDL7ik/wnEOXfw0XNb1KSHO5se0PnuT3eXbydiq9mA\njwIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2022-11-18 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

Not-for-profit project dedicated to exploring curious and compelling works from the history of art, literature, and ideas — focusing on works now fallen into the public domain.

Smaller posts surface images, books, audio, and film (sourced from places like Internet Archive, Library of Congress, The Met, Rijksmusuem, Wellcome, etc.) — and we've also 300+ long-form essays (✍️ submissions welcome!)

Here we'll mostly be tooting about content on our site. 🎺

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:31.895Z","user":"","username":"The Public Domain Review"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-04 18:47:03.124Z","domain":"mastodon.social","followerCount":108,"followers":"https://mastodon.social/users/poem_editions/followers","following":"https://mastodon.social/users/poem_editions/following","followingCount":99,"icon":"https://files.mastodon.social/accounts/avatars/110/446/114/090/926/212/original/57403d86eb94e11f.png","id":"u82qk09vfyhq00t","inbox":"https://mastodon.social/users/poem_editions/inbox","iri":"https://mastodon.social/users/poem_editions","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:31.996Z","outbox":"https://mastodon.social/users/poem_editions/outbox","preferred_username":"poem_editions","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAtIgeYVViVfNMsYMxUr1W\n69tRwK49IeGE9XnS5zxStmMHwfGYD7h1lE6NLSHGiEeKZuMGAWedf6J+vPX8DLpC\n/VCywW4O+/GMYwqYw4k3T4iysbmS97YUMzPWngtp0m0CWJZgJth4QpqAp8z2eCDZ\n90+XXBwkVr/jFcuGiAnHp69HkWaq0wyeW8GDOHQcQ/g05WD9s2YUnOcKNHK6V5KI\n8ww7G3OtgNLIZhdBm6yNwhoPtqYWvmKmEU7IO31hmXWGBmw8SMXQG4EQcNR5DzCt\nNXz9g+K7p0jz8mt9Ta53RPACwdbW9ajZ1/7UOfZDjEZlQjX33WYs0d2GWcDacCis\nhwIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2023-05-28 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

Independent publisher of editions & typefaces

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:31.996Z","user":"","username":"Poem"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-03 15:19:43.165Z","domain":"typo.social","followerCount":996,"followers":"https://typo.social/users/underware/followers","following":"https://typo.social/users/underware/following","followingCount":331,"icon":"https://typo.social/system/accounts/avatars/109/306/893/289/729/435/original/6bca5fda2858512c.jpg","id":"7i361xk12km905a","inbox":"https://typo.social/users/underware/inbox","iri":"https://typo.social/users/underware","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.048Z","outbox":"https://typo.social/users/underware/outbox","preferred_username":"underware","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAx0eMjRiiG5Dx8+vtAWkk\nCsvXVSPEjrTm+sGEA9yBy147tbIo9dajV6b3VCvI77GTxLYAEhKqWeRqBjNn6/Ol\nE8MltNozsMVtegGWkQq60byLVMGFXW6MoJjlbkVfL7emkOfLMrBvupa2IcffBy1A\n6cKtia0HZqXrEyijbFNJqiZtig+4eGbT4jNXi/PuxS5omxEhYzdbET4x9fYmkPYU\niyxxoLFVsQYkSK2Jg9yiCr2jOhBE2gWfw8KrBNpoCZ06K8/QFyB7Yif/cHjttlqn\nmi4G4csdBwdJvWE5PECyH5dOiIAQzdDSz41/R22f3wscDBaa8y5jWa2pGVWRrseH\nfQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2022-11-08 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

Type foundry (founded in 1999 by Akiem Helmling 🤯, Sami Kortemäki 😎 and Bas Jacobs 😊) based in Den Haag, Helsinki and Amsterdam.

#type #typography #grammatography #chirography #scripts #fonts #reading #writing #calligraphy #design #futureiswritten

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.048Z","user":"","username":"Underware"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-09 03:14:48.813Z","domain":"typo.social","followerCount":518,"followers":"https://typo.social/users/typearture/followers","following":"https://typo.social/users/typearture/following","followingCount":170,"icon":"https://typo.social/system/accounts/avatars/109/307/150/162/519/724/original/09a720846f5ea0c4.png","id":"2l9u327fy200648","inbox":"https://typo.social/users/typearture/inbox","iri":"https://typo.social/users/typearture","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.097Z","outbox":"https://typo.social/users/typearture/outbox","preferred_username":"typearture","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAzuSKVIcvbfEnaxaKgDLW\nQMM2XPROowUz2J8W2X5OqzotM9xFOnhI7Uzz7ARcUVRlG6k6TciPwzgYOEZO/A0r\nnotBsZm9N7H7sQRLUol5o85E6GJuAAs+IgjQpDg89QcNmZLFWN+OJnm1OnKuSJOe\nk2m/SRgnb4oNXPH0Udz9FxlMee7iOwO1nbY9sVIpw1pZKpoJCg3ZHiAdj8CmxsnB\nEs9cABz/97OmKZDKLCdv6m2rZMMWrcWClsESAcri55zzVJLG8RZaA1+1Jv4JfoYv\n94bmynwkrf5LxcEtRCqS8f99LUuQdkAAYYhW0G3rbRS1pMI0STcoqXJaTGvUeDEf\nDQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2022-11-08 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

Typefaces by Arthur Reinders Folmer

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.097Z","user":"","username":"Typearture"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-08 22:10:04.200Z","domain":"typo.social","followerCount":934,"followers":"https://typo.social/users/typeoff/followers","following":"https://typo.social/users/typeoff/following","followingCount":276,"icon":"https://typo.social/system/accounts/avatars/109/292/032/141/073/064/original/d6e853f182370a68.jpg","id":"n8ap7jnh4h3ptcp","inbox":"https://typo.social/users/typeoff/inbox","iri":"https://typo.social/users/typeoff","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.143Z","outbox":"https://typo.social/users/typeoff/outbox","preferred_username":"typeoff","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAwyngligAyxYQ9LVaqafq\ng3p1ntn7K1i2SvotLqfjjTP8kmPl9r7SQNlT9kFr1zA54gtRjNjiCByne5CfrSuz\nofGm+/HPdGyedH3B7QMQIjSROIEpMi1TL9FpYtOTIi3lrIFtJs+CRck2HMoeeg7S\nFhV/u4szoqYd+m8RFdEsxVj/279NU5qRGCKYITkcwRgqKReJTwSaDRvZUplpv7hI\nurfRpqIEBb+Z+4ixkR4ZeO9uOl45h++245pTgAKJR1YMl2GG4u8k5/sag7It6uAk\nB+NNKdR/u8mlynXuQ/mEV14MTI8Ubev6i+snq0U7yYS3HumPuUWuujI+1a8aVZVr\nrQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2022-11-05 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

New-ish Wuppertaler and a research associate the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. I teach typography and design stuff but spend most of my time looking into late-19th and early-20th-century German typefounding.

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.144Z","user":"","username":"Dan Reynolds"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-06 17:19:32.530Z","domain":"typo.social","followerCount":1175,"followers":"https://typo.social/users/mass_driver/followers","following":"https://typo.social/users/mass_driver/following","followingCount":257,"icon":"https://typo.social/system/accounts/avatars/110/043/623/160/081/244/original/5854c6a45ca13795.png","id":"8892a966531v36z","inbox":"https://typo.social/users/mass_driver/inbox","iri":"https://typo.social/users/mass_driver","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.193Z","outbox":"https://typo.social/users/mass_driver/outbox","preferred_username":"mass_driver","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAsou5l9bLTXcUvIOMMjBE\nw9fSaGtcg3FGTDh8+fOC09P0LwG2XIjRFHttlXu3oXAA7P2wkhSz01dv1ahISOSG\nT9tfMUR9+BpHG3YDeq46rE97g5aa425LylgaXT51vdlXU/DE2g8eQT9v0rUHO/Au\nsnF61cPJLyotaNrh8Uch1nNCoPixcgmzY1s7APar09vJKtNkJAtyTrHyn76wmkcr\nFI4finoE9fRLodmWdFZHwU6z3e0PAptqbIX2d+TTyBsHWoryRHjAIacDvRsckVnq\nxIoerbbnDlVOP87l1EdiIdbGJkGVaBIDzWf9lYKe82AFKmXRTd/l4EubdElQpcBv\n9QIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2023-03-18 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

Founder of Mass–Driver, an independent type design studio based in The Hague, Netherlands.

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.193Z","user":"","username":"Rutherford Craze"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-06 07:57:33.649Z","domain":"typo.social","followerCount":297,"followers":"https://typo.social/users/rosaliewagner/followers","following":"https://typo.social/users/rosaliewagner/following","followingCount":120,"icon":"https://typo.social/system/accounts/avatars/109/309/792/908/154/721/original/4dd2d797ffc1d610.png","id":"gwkz754l0w26247","inbox":"https://typo.social/users/rosaliewagner/inbox","iri":"https://typo.social/users/rosaliewagner","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.241Z","outbox":"https://typo.social/users/rosaliewagner/outbox","preferred_username":"rosaliewagner","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyfGkbyKWCiwkDZN3+ozD\n7Hu8u12eQ05bUhyuiaMxhMXDs7zZyAUd6icyxuO3QQ6gfTf9HWOso8yRMcm8LVnz\nujSuaTXqd1JRkszhsTS3lBaYkK8virkTiuc39H3o8vvvt/WRhitwLuvIT9dqP5ei\nGAgJ/tlz663uDB8ei5b/sUXKnp5oXAH5k/Av0rBJo/8z9vGTE3CUd2mizkWMt+ms\nd1tFY90+5mxgnjUsS43LFsB+LlsbtLuJ0O92yiHz2JbPbfVI+XnLXvT301a6e/HP\nWWEtpraVAizehzuCbnkWwrhAlgJvS9Thv+WPHKQBb/BFYnwT8JMRQXATl5NZGMf4\nbQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2022-11-08 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

Type designer / font engineer

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.241Z","user":"","username":"Rosalie Wagner"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-06 20:24:44.798Z","domain":"typo.social","followerCount":383,"followers":"https://typo.social/users/wordsoftype/followers","following":"https://typo.social/users/wordsoftype/following","followingCount":285,"icon":"https://typo.social/system/accounts/avatars/112/333/112/796/616/036/original/c8c721576b362b9b.png","id":"4e19a9yhan901wr","inbox":"https://typo.social/users/wordsoftype/inbox","iri":"https://typo.social/users/wordsoftype","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.290Z","outbox":"https://typo.social/users/wordsoftype/outbox","preferred_username":"wordsoftype","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAr4tFDhSKADHIewxEENvK\ntXSomJTWxcZRVp6Xnarkcj4KseLKHJX4iZJFKSgdE1un4zIRRY6muiK2HUdGW5lP\nHqVQcoCl8ndHGemKsrrOtnXoGDIv8GqC591rV0J4+Telb5DDDovzOqWS8PJxUExt\nHf6YtCikhwKGK5Nbqu+c8n8Nl6TRCLejHKMcLo2rypjXgL3BhlgbDz7pTtFp33lQ\nTiryQIrQL6jXfVeKfhv5kaFZ/a98IOnyIERoPt37l23yq6fCJuKVS4vAig9In1UE\nKVxhfVKZVHXatKzilzxJoTeaW8+bhWTr+vAdFIxt19J0egfJnZLEw/pVF9L8z2xf\nLQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2024-04-25 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

About typography: Encyclopedia + Events + Community.
Wiki: https://wiki.wordsoftype.com
Events: https://wordsoftype.com

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.290Z","user":"","username":"Words of Type"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-02 09:23:54.877Z","domain":"mstdn.party","followerCount":1074,"followers":"https://mstdn.party/users/stewf/followers","following":"https://mstdn.party/users/stewf/following","followingCount":155,"icon":"https://files.mstdn.party/accounts/avatars/109/380/146/597/746/997/original/d96e2dd03c56eed0.png","id":"0y302980878xa3r","inbox":"https://mstdn.party/users/stewf/inbox","iri":"https://mstdn.party/users/stewf","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.685Z","outbox":"https://mstdn.party/users/stewf/outbox","preferred_username":"stewf","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA7PHJRNn8UIMGMtOJK8M6\nM6DvaAzwPsIq45RlQqSnc0jLLdt9enniVpI+aYmswKEvXBaqdvJdjtxYIfojRnm4\nnp5xY/EOxdiEYU4IAaz/rTvYBiH3TaVJKdUNW6PDjwUwvtr34fdN+tMrhE2d7VSO\nRocx8jcjMXIoH+YFFJsFpQzTc9M62dlxvUTdHZrsVqFupVl396oT2mtCZAE7/VxV\n3wByp37Ga+GvXtbBi8PfBZe+/ndQ0tBnIDR6ScjoEuur14SZPB8jrWcTeHovfcse\naWwkU90hSEi9ND2Q0JIiUCAj3dvzFMTKqXHmc9Od2c3LYPEqDFtd+6FniztuoCJt\n8QIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2022-11-21 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

(he/him) Editorial Director & Associate Curator at @letterformarchive in San Francisco. Co-founder of @FontsInUse and @typographica.

#Typography #Fonts #Lettering #Signs #Birding #MidCenturyModern #CityPlanning #Urbanism #Oakland #Yimby #Architecture #Archives #Libraries

Free 🇵🇸!

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.685Z","user":"","username":"Stephen Coles"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-02 09:23:55.016Z","domain":"typo.social","followerCount":4063,"followers":"https://typo.social/users/typographica/followers","following":"https://typo.social/users/typographica/following","followingCount":323,"icon":"https://typo.social/system/accounts/avatars/109/303/419/092/142/541/original/268ee6d6627f137d.jpeg","id":"9m2278fa71i940w","inbox":"https://typo.social/users/typographica/inbox","iri":"https://typo.social/users/typographica","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.721Z","outbox":"https://typo.social/users/typographica/outbox","preferred_username":"typographica","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA7d11zzfbpdtqD9GTxD6X\ncGonwsHqDdnCFWED6//Yw1j8JDnF0L2/K5wbCFU/BLcF3AAmFqpmJerQywIv9QgJ\nNsIwGiKhjuxunr0PWJmGy/74iY0rlXjO/jt9JbGfi8xmzq5mZIwqJ+15JK81DhAt\njcy5o+4HFUlTbwDZdmHSWh45UMw9y6qL9lA2Yk0lcAjnT/bvrjLq7JqyJqCpNOWQ\n3l+KSkviuk+Ian1xqJu4ib0KdMy+EaKLXiAwONNsmYcQgITdg3lzFxwda4pnsufp\nl5+GEpnlr6rT6Lsj1JPVHClcgdFMmSka4OAhnjYgxq0VF70Vih7jQbxVhfqp5jQq\nRQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2022-11-07 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

A review of typography. Since 2002. Posts by editor @stewf (https://stephencoles.org).

#Fonts #Typefaces #Typography #Lettering #GraphicDesign #fedi22

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.721Z","user":"","username":"Typographica"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-04 19:47:24.706Z","domain":"typo.social","followerCount":107,"followers":"https://typo.social/users/hon_bookstore/followers","following":"https://typo.social/users/hon_bookstore/following","followingCount":215,"icon":"https://typo.social/system/accounts/avatars/113/957/095/304/010/628/original/14b9057c6ac133a5.jpg","id":"5576353852p456c","inbox":"https://typo.social/users/hon_bookstore/inbox","iri":"https://typo.social/users/hon_bookstore","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 20:56:02.965Z","outbox":"https://typo.social/users/hon_bookstore/outbox","preferred_username":"hon_bookstore","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAtjVawVNAuP2XPWK/WV3J\nBVTVYQwYEgta/+9mG7X25/7da2CDh5VzlyK9pygY2nmwqzyxPz1FU8i6NipPpmif\nv6OVMNW1ty/OyLTN1bM15nRKjnWKdqSX9r3MNiY48u5amTow2N9q9bmS8U/hyDcv\nn3Vlnsp34dFOLLZggnRFnwoLq/qOBdnsTgfofGPAW9SxsPiWcGlSTfQW17WzXD5n\nfK+LDt9tMnz6PYB5DNEdKVA6fe+8dxm+tHGtJFPSqkoFIcgk2KIqgUJC5PQhonZn\nGQZ/ZXbnC11IYpbaz2qnop981WLzQeQ/VHNG99zShdxM0owmfTn5z5bcVXefAKlw\nRQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2025-02-06 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

Bookshop specialised in typography and in language turned into objects

https://www.hon-bookstore.com/ (New website 🌞)

","updated":"2025-11-07 20:56:02.965Z","user":"","username":"本 \\hon\\ books"},{"collectionId":"pbc_1295301207","collectionName":"activitypub_actors","created":"2025-10-09 02:00:08.762Z","domain":"typo.social","followerCount":33,"followers":"https://typo.social/users/Fountain/followers","following":"https://typo.social/users/Fountain/following","followingCount":28,"icon":"https://typo.social/system/accounts/avatars/111/544/865/079/431/545/original/24d30ba37ccc34b6.png","id":"xn3sd55ygxx29gf","inbox":"https://typo.social/users/Fountain/inbox","iri":"https://typo.social/users/Fountain","isLocal":false,"last_fetched":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.769Z","outbox":"https://typo.social/users/Fountain/outbox","preferred_username":"Fountain","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAwJktr/xkNxuxiplHTB9f\nEJtJGboe0mIBOq6dBmdMnKa6b33Wkyma5knkxyFBejwc7TMVA+/fjWx0yLRp6Kiw\nvbisdgef5WeX34vcg1JhEOYLo1UD58YfzLeQAQ4bjh9l6IVy9eXZjPHv2xplyJqZ\nMNus1zUsc78Bg+2em/9XiS5bBJWG8QKCvSKBB6L1/e/Mkkusgxt68mFLf0FUDEh8\nzKenkCCEPu88N7Dad1Ft8v1Efwr2f0rHG+ZcQjNf2pUZB7i4anh8nLCAEGW6/CED\nKwihirsgLajNiwDQ7b3/+g9I+NFBy7BIj7ZPaxpKPR0UjgkZS7nxPk5djumtq7Rx\nEQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","published":"2023-12-08 00:00:00.000Z","summary":"

Fountain is a webshop starter kit for type foundries and designers. In the shape of a plugin for Kirby CMS.

","updated":"2025-11-07 22:07:32.769Z","user":"","username":"Fountain"}],"page":1,"perPage":10,"totalItems":4,"totalPages":1}

Dutch Standard Alphabets

Following